Respiratory System Disorder imp. Points

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• ·       Blunt chest injury assessment shows diminished breath sound

• ·     The primary purpose of pursed lip breathing is to promote carbon Dioxide elimination

• ·       Signs of bronchospasm should be immediately reported after bronchoscopy and biopsy

• ·       The nurse should limit for 10 second for  max. suctioning time

• ·       During suctioning if the heart rate decreases the nurse should stop the procedure and the oxygen at the patient

• ·   A patient with fractured rib will experience pain specially with inspiration.

• ·       The most distinctive sign of flail chest is paradoxical chest movement.

• ·       In Pneumothorax breath sound will be absent it on affected side.

• ·    The earliest sign of acute respiratory distress syndrome is increased respiratory rate

• ·       Patient with tuberculosis generally considered non contagious after 2 to 3 weeks of medication therapy.

• ·       The most common symptom of Pulmonary embolism is chest pain that occur suddenly.

• ·       Histoplasmosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that can occur in a client with AIDS. The nurse should assess the patient for dyspnea

• ·       The Venturi mask delivers the most accurate oxygen concentration.  for COPD patient Venturi mask can be used for precise oxygen delivery

• ·       The first manifestation associated with tuberculosis is a cough with expectoration of mucoid sputum

• ·       Confirmation of tuberculosis is done by sputum culture.

• ·       If the cause of alarm on ventilator is not determined then nurse should initially ventilate the patient manually

• ·       Avian influenza A (H5N1) affects birds also known as bird flue

• ·       Swine influenza (H1N1) : sign and symptoms are similar to flu in addition vomiting and diarrhea commonly occurs.

• ·       Corpulmonale : alteration in structure and function of right ventricle caused by primary disorder of respiratory system

• ·       In acute respiratory distress syndrome O2 concentration will be low in spite of High high concentration of oxygen delivery .

• ·       If patient is prescribed to inhaled medication then bronchodialator should be  administered first then corticosteroids second.

• ·       Teach the patient to wait 5 minutes in between two medication of inhalation.

• ·       Theophyllineincreases the risk of digoxin toxicity.

• ·       Theophylline toxicity occurs when serum level is higher than 20mcg/ml .

• ·       Early sign of toxicity of theophylline includes restlessness, nervousness ,tremors ,palpitation and tachycardia.

• ·    Montelukastis contraindicated in hypersensitivity and in breastfeeding mothers

• ·       Acetylcysteinecan increase airway resistance and should not be used in client with asthma.

• ·       Antitussives like codeine sulphate, dextromethorphan diphenhydramine should be avoided in patient with head injury or post-operative cranial surgery.

• ·       Antitubercular medication :-

• ·       Isoniazid :– Bacteriocidal. Side effect peripheral neuritis, neurotoxicity increased LFT

• ·       Pyridoxineis given to patient who is taking isoniazid to prevent neurotoxicity teach the patient to take medicine on empty stomach with 240 ml of water before 1 hour of meal

• ·       Rifampicin:- bacteriostatic. Side effect : Red orange colored body secretionand hepatotoxicity.

• ·       Ethambutol : Bacteriostatic. Contraindicated in in Optic neuritis and children younger than 13 year

• ·       Side effect of ethambutol : optic neuritis peripheral neuritis thrombocytopenia if Alttered colour perception and decrease visual acuity occurs withhold the medication and notify the doctor.

• ·       Pyrazinamide :-may be Bacteriostatic or Bacteriocidal.

• ·       Side effect:- photosensitivity and hepatotoxicity .

• ·       Most of the antitubercular medication are hepatotoxic