Haematological and Oncological Disorder imp points medical surgical

Helllo friends
         Here i am providing you Hematological and oncological Important one liner   notes which will help you to clear various Nurse Grade 2nd or Nursing Officer Examination
 Includes diagnostic test like biopsy  chemotherapy radiation therapy tumor marker bone marrow trransplatation  leukemia multiple myeloma  breast cancer  cervical cancer


            Also Get Previous Year quetion paper  and prepration notes for staff nurse Grade 2nd or nursing officer recruitments in PGIMER, Aiims DELHI, DSSB,RAILWAY, GMCH, JIPMER and Various state examination and also Quiz multiple choice question






Haematological and Oncological Disorder

                  Important points for Examination:-
hematological-disorder


     The max time that nurse can spend in room of a patient with internal radiation implant is 30min per 8 hour shift. 

     Use a long handed forcep to hold implant and place it in a lead container. 

     Clinical manifestation of ovarian cancer includes abdominal distance , urinary frequency, urgency and plural effusion. 

     Oncological emergency include sepsis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, SIADH, spinal cord compression hypercalcemia ,super Vena cava syndrome. 

     A vasicovaginal fistula is a genital fistula that occurs between the bladder and vagina. 

     The fistula is an abdominal opening between these two body parts. 

     The testicular self examination is recommended after a warm bath when scrotal skin is relaxed. 

     Multiple myeloma is a B cell neoplastic condition characterized by abnormal proliferation of plasma cells and accumulation of mature Plasma cells in bone marrow. 

  • Following gastrectomy drainage from NG tube will be  
  • For 1st 24 hour    normally bloody then Changes to brown tinged then yellow to clear. 
     Colorectal Cancer Risk factor include years older than 50,family history of disease andcolorectal polyps. 

     Immediately after surgery profuse sarosanguineous Drainage from perineal wound is expected nurse should change the dressing as prescribed. 

     Colostomy usually begin to function within 72 hour after surgery although it may take upto 5 days. 


  • The most common symptom in a patient with cancer of bladder is hematuria. 
     The urinary collection bag should be changed when it is one third full to prevent pulling off. 

     Early signs of superior Vena cava syndrome  include edema on the face especially around Eyes and patient complaints of tightness of shirt and blouse collar. 

     Hypercalcemia is a manifestation of bone metastasis in later stage cancer.

     Greatest bone marrow suppression is called nadir. 

The breast self examination should be performed monthly 7 days after onset of menstrual period. 

     Complication of bowel tumor includes bowel perforation which can result in haemorrhage and  peritonitis. 

     Following mastectomy the arms should be elevated above the level of heart. 

     Monitor urinary output closely following bladder surgery notify doctor if urine output is less than 30 ml per hour and if no urine output occurs more than 15 minutes. 

     Proctitis is inflammation of lining of inner rectum tissue. 

Continuous bladder irrigation is prescribed and carried out to maintain pink coloured urine.  

     Cachexia  is malnutrition which has reached the stage of tissue destruction. 

     After colostomy  : 

     **Liquid stool  from  :  ascending colon colostomy. 

** loose to semisolid : tranverse colon colostomy

**close to normal : descending colon colostomy. 

     Following ileostomy postoperative drainage will be dark green progress to yellow as client begin to eat

**Stool is liquid in ileostomy. 

     Conduits collects urine in a portion of intestine which is then opened in to skin surface hlas a stoma. 

     Cyclophosphamide medication can cause hemorrhagic cystitis Encourage patient to drink 2 to 3 liter fluid. 

     Pulmonary toxicity can cause with medication Bleomycin

     Leucovorin rescue:– when administrating methotrexate in large doses prepare to administer leucovorin to prevent toxicity. This is called leucovorin rescue

  • Methotrexate and fluorouracil may cause alopcia stomatitis and hepatotoxicity. 

     ** Tamoxifen citrate causes elevated cholesterol and triglycerides level

     Pulmonary function studies should be carried out before starting bleomycin IV because it causes pulmonary toxicity. 

     AsparaginaseIs contraindicated with history of pancreatitis. 

     Hyperuricemiais common following treatment of leukaemia and lymphoma because chemotherapy result in massive cell kill. 

     Osteochondroma is related to bones


     Leukaemia is most common childhood cancer

     Methotrexate is cell cycle specific antineoplastic medication

     Cisplatin is a chemotherapeutic agent. 

     Tamoxifen citrate is a drug of choice in breast carcinoma. 

     Term hospice is used for last stage of cancer. 

     Primary feature of cervical cancer include irregular mensuration. 

  • Most likely side effect of external radiation of neck of Cancer of larynx is sore throat

     In pleural effusion diminished breath sounds are heard on auscultation.

     Colon cancer is mostly associated with ulcerative colitis. 

     Colon Cancer is associated with high fat diet. 

     Smoking is closely related to bladder cancer. 

     Pre cancerous  condition in case of carcinoma oral cavity is known as leukoplakia. 

  • Liquid Nitrogen gas is used into cryosurgery

     Liver is most common site for metastasis in lung cancer. 

     Abdominal distension is a typical symptom for advanced ovarian cancer. 

     Prostatic specific antigen is used to screen prostate cancer it may not be reliable bcz other conditions also increases psa level

     Hemangioma is benign tumor of blood vessel. 

     Breast cancer is common in non lactating and unmarried women Cervix is the most common area for finding cancer in women. 

     Pap smear is used to diagnose cancer of cervix. 

     Transmission of one type of cell into another type cell is called metaplasia. 

     Increase number of cell in tissue is called hyperplasia

     New growth in the bone marrow is called myeloma