Antipsychotic agents are also called Neuroleptics ,Major Tranquilizers or Phenothaizines . Antipsychotic medication has major role in treatment of psychosis mainly in bipolar disorder . Raed also about Antidepressant and anti anxiety medication .
- Psychosis is a state in which a person`s ability to communicate and to relate to others is severely impaired .
USES OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION :
- Schizophrenic disorders
- Mania
- Paranoid Disorder
- Organic dementia
- Acute brain syndrome
MODE OF ACTION OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION :-
Antipsychotic medication are thought to block dopamine receptors. Dopamine is a chemical which is released in brain and causes psychotic thinking. Antipsychotic medication hepl in blocking or reducing activity of dopamine .
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COMMON OR LIST OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION
TYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION :
Typical antipsychotic are more effective for positive symptoms of schizoprenia such as hallucination ,aggression and delusion
- Chlorpromazine
- Haloperidol
- Loxapine ( Loxitane )
- Molindone ( Moban )
- pemozide ( orap)
- Thiothixene ( Navane )
ATYPICAL ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION :
Atypical antipsychotic are more effective for negetive symptoms of schizophrenia such as avolition , apathy and alogia.
- Aripiprazole ( Abilify)
- Clozapine ( Clozaril )
- Olanzapine ( Zyprexa )
- Risperidone (Risperdal )
- Palperidone ( Invega )
- Quetiapine ( Seroquel )
SIDE EFFECT OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATION :-
- Dry mouth
- Blurred vision
- constipation
- tachycardia
- Agranulocytosis ( marked decrease of leukocytes )
- Extrapyramidal symptoms : Akathesia , Dystonia ,Tardive dyskinesia and Neuroleptic Malignant syndrome
1. AKATHESIA : COMMON characteristics are Restlessness or walking in place , difficulty in sitting still. Thses are referred as Walkies and Talkies .
2. DYSTONIA :- The characteristic features are
- Rapidly developing contraction of muscle of tongue, jaw , neck ( Producing torticolis ) and extraocul;r muscles
- Oculogyric crisis in which eyes looks upward , head is turned to one side .
- Dystonia is painful and gives frightening experience to patient
- It occurs within a few minutes of giving medication or after several hours
3. TARDIVE DYSKINESIA : – This occurs due to abrupt termination or reduction of antipsychotic medication after long term high dose therapy . It is Characterised by :
- Involuntary rhythemic , stereotyped movements
- Involuntary movements of extrimities and trunk .
- Antisychotic drug should be stopped immediatly
- There is no treatment , symptoms may appear for years . It is Irreversible .
4. Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome ( NMS ) : It is rare complication of antipsychotic medication and is usually fetal. symptoms include :
- Hyperpyrexia
- severe muscle rigidity
- altered conciousness
- Increased WBC
- Symptoms appears suddenly when medication is started and can persist for 10 – 14 days or longer
INTERVENTION :
- These drugs should be given deep IM’
- Observe for sore throat , fever due to agranulocytosis
- Medicine should be administered at bed time
- Patient should be advised not to drive and handle hazardous machinery while taking antipsychotic drugs
- observe for extrapyramidal symptoms and report it immediatly to dr.