Antianxiety medication coomonly used are Alprazolam (xanax) , clonazepam (klonopil ) , Diazepam (valium ) and Lorazepam ( Ativan ) are used to relieve mild, moderate and severe anxiety associated with emotional disorder , excessive emotional stress neuroses . It is also used for :
- For control of alcohol withdrawl symptoms
- To control convulsion
- To produce skeletal muscle relaxation and
- To provide short term sleep preoperatively
- ANTIANXIETY medication is also called ANXIOLYTICS
MODE OF ACTION OF ANTI ANXIETY MEDICATION :-
It acts as CNS depressants . These drugs increases or help inhibitory neurotransmitter action of gama-aminobutyric acid ( GABA) . This GABA mediates both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition an all areas of CNS .So there is inhibition or control on the cortical and limbic system of brain which is responsible for emotions such as rage and anxiety .
ANTIANXIETY DRUG LIST :-
- Alparazolam ( XANAX , Nivavam )
- Clonazepam ( Klonopin )
- Diazepam ( Valium, calmpose )
- Lorazepam ( Ativan )
- Chlorazepate ( Tranxene )
- midazolam
SIDE-effects of antianxiety medication :-
- Drowsiness , ataxia confusion, blurred vision
- cardio vascular system : Hypotension , palpitaion , syncope ( fainting or form of unconciousness )
- Endocrine : change in libido
- skin rashes
CARE TO BE TAKEN WHILE TAKING ANTIANXITY MEDICATION :
- If patient complaints of drowsiness tell him to avoid Knife or any dangerous equipments
- He should be instructed not to drive
- Not to take any stimulants like coffe , alcohol as they alter effect of drugs’
- Deep I/M injection into muscle is given to prevent irritation
- Drug should be reduced gradually over 2 to 6 weeks , sudden stoppage of drug causes REM ( Rapid Eye movement ) , insomnia , agitation and convulsion.
CONTRAINDICATION OF ANTIANXIETY MEDICATION :
ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION
Antidepressants medications are used in affective disorders or disturbances mainly to treat depressive disorders caused by emotional or environmental stressors . Also called thymoleptic drugs
USE OF ANTIDEPRESSANTS :
- Grief reaction which may follow due to loss of money or signioficant person
- pathological grief : Grief reaction continues . A person Withdraws socially , presents somatic symptoms
- Depression due to adjustment disorders , loss of self esteem , feeling of worthlessness , lack of initiative and increased sleep
ANTIDEPRESSANT DRUG LIST : –
- Imipramine ( Tofranil, Depsanil , janimine ) dose : 50 – 200 mgm/day
- Trimipramine ( surmontil ) Dose : 50 -300 mgm/day
- Desipramine ( petrofane ) Dose : 75 -300 mgm/day
- Maprotilene ( Lidiomil ) Dose : 75 -300 mgm/day
- Mianseril ( Tetradep ) Dose : 60 – 150 mgm/day
SIDE- EFFECTS OF ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION :
- CNS : Drowsiness, sedation , delusion , hallucination
- Dry mouth , urinary retention dilated pupils
- cardio vascular : postural hypotension , tachycardia, agranulocytosis
- nausea , vomiting, loss of appetite , jaundice
- Galactorrhea ( Formation of milk even mother though is not a nursing mother )
- Gynecomastia ( large mammary glands in male sometimes secretes milk )
- hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia
INTERVENTION OR CARE TO BE TAKEN WHILE TAKING ANTIDEPRESSANT MEDICATION :
- Medication should be taken at bed time due to sedative effects
- instruct patients to Drink plenty of fluids
- Donot give medicine empty stomach as the patient complaints of nausea and vomiting
- Monitor blood sugar and WBC count , if patient complaints sore throat , fever , malaise it should be reported to doctor
- if patient complaints sexual dysfunction inform to doctor
- pressure of speech , increased motor ctivity and elated mood , inform to doctor and stop medication immedietly
- Therapeutic effects of antidepressant takes 4 to 8 weeks